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Background and Objective: Obesity and overwight affects on respiratory phyological indeces including pulmonary voulume, spirometery function, mechanical function of air ways neuro-muscular functions and capacity of exchange of gases. The obese and overwight subjects have high risk in reduction respiratory valume syndrome. This study was done to compare the effects of three resistance training programs with different intensities on pulmonary function, physical function and body composition in overweight girls.
Methods: In this quasi - experimental study, thirty overweight inactive girls were non-randomly divided into 3 equal groups (n=10) of resistance training with different intensity based on their 1 RM (light, 55-65%, moderate, 65-75%, and heavy, 75-85%, repsctively). The training progams were done for 9 weeks (3 sessions per week). Each session consists of 5 stations with 3 sets while rest intervals between the repetiotions and stations were 60-90 seconds and 90-120 seconds, respectively. Before and after the end of the training programs, spirometry, body composition, muscular strength and endurance of the upper body and VO2max were measured.
Results: 9 weeks resistance training program with 55-65%, 65-75%, and 75-85% 1RM intensities had no significant effect in the spirometry parameters, body weight, body mass index, upper body muscular endurance and VO2max. Fat percentage in 55-65% group significantly reduced in compared to those of 65-75%, and 75-85% 1RM groups (P<0.05). The upper body muscular strength in group with 75-85% 1RM significantly increased in compared to groups with 55-65% and 65-75% 1RM (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Overweight girls can apply resistance training with 55-65% 1RM to reduce the percent of body fat, and enhance the upper body strength through trainings with 75-85% 1RM. In relation to pulmonary function indices and indices of physical function and body composition, there was no dference between three training programs.

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Background and Objective: Opium consumption and addiction can negatively affect on pulmonary and physical function. This study was done to determine the effect of the combined training with different intensities on pulmonary and physical function in addicted men.
Methods: This quesi-experimental study was carried out on 30 addicted men with an average age of 37.6±7.1 years, who were under treatment in Sabzevar city rehabilitation center in north-east of Iran during Fall of 2015. The subjects were non-randomly divided into three equal groups including control, the first intervention group, and the second intervention group. The control group did not participate in any training program. The interventional groups participated in an aerobic and resistance training period for six weeks (four times a week). The training intensities of the first and second intervention groups were 50-65% and 65-80% of HRmax or 1RM, respectively. Preior and after the training period, spirometry tests, maximal oxygen uptake, strength and endurance of upper body muscles and special strength of respiratory muscles were measured from all of the subjects.
Results: The both intervention groups improved the peak expiratory flow index compared to control group (p<0.05). Furthermore, the peak expiratory flow index significantly increased in the second intervention group compared to the first intervention group. There was no significant difference in the indices of special strength of respiratory muscles, maximal aerobic power, and maximal voluntary ventilation between the three groups .Upper body muscles' endurance and strength, forced expiratory volume and forced vital capacity parameters significantly increased in the second intervention group compared to the control group. The forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity ratio index significantly increased in the  two interventional groups compared to control group (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the first and second interventional groups.
Conclusion: The performance of aerobic and resistance trainings  with higher intensity improves indices of the forced vital capacity, the forced expiratory volume in the first second, and upper body muscles' strength and endurance of addicted males.

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Background and Objective: Regular physical activity can improve the function of various body systems and exert significant effects on pulmonary function, inflammation, and vascular growth factors. The present study aimed to determine the effects of eight weeks of aerobic exercise training on pulmonary function, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in active young females.
Methods: This field trial was conducted on 20 active young females aged 19 to 24 years at University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2024. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups of 10, including an intervention group and a control group. The intervention group performed a regular aerobic exercise training program for eight weeks (three sessions per week) at an intensity of 70% of their maximum heart rate (HRmax) for 40 minutes per session, whereas the control group had no specific physical activity. Pulmonary function indices, including forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), as well as CRP, CPK, and VEGF levels, were measured before and after the training period.
Results: Following 8 weeks of aerobic exercise training, the intervention group demonstrated a significant increase in FVC (3.11±0.61) and FEV1 (3.10±0.58) compared to the control group (P<0.05), alongside a statistically significant decrease in CRP (1.6±0.61) (P<0.05). However, changes in CPK levels were not significant. Additionally, VEGF (9.74±2.3) significantly increased post-intervention compared to the control group (P<0.05). Between-group comparisons revealed no significant differences at the pre-test stage. Conversely, a statistically significant difference in CRP levels was observed between the groups at the post-test stage (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Eight weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training (at 70% of HRmax) was effective in improving pulmonary function, reducing CRP, and increasing VEGF in active young females.